Jiilaalku waa soo socdaa, eeg ifafaalaha falanqaynta heerkulka hooseeya ee baytariyada lithium-ion

Waxqabadka baytariyada lithium-ion ayaa si weyn u saameeya sifooyinkooda kaniiniga. Sababtoo ah Li+ waxay u baahan tahay in marka hore la dumiyo marka lagu dhejiyo walxaha garaafka, waxay u baahan tahay inay isticmaasho xaddi tamar ah oo ay horjoogsato faafinta Li+ ee garaafka. Taas bedelkeeda, marka Li + laga sii daayo walxaha garaafka ee xalka, habka xalinta ayaa dhici doona marka hore, habka xalinta uma baahna isticmaalka tamarta. Li + waxay si dhakhso ah uga saari kartaa garaafka, taas oo horseedaysa in la aqbalo lacag aad u liidata ee walxaha garaafka. In dheecaanka la aqbali karo.

Heerkulka hooseeya, sifooyinka kinetic ee korantada garaafka xun ayaa soo fiicnaaday oo ka sii daray. Sidaa darteed, polaration-ka korantada ee korantada taban ayaa si weyn u xoojisay inta lagu jiro habka dallacaadda, taas oo si fudud u horseedi karta roobab lithium macdan ah oo ku yaal dusha sare ee electrode taban. Cilmi-baaris uu sameeyay Christian von Lüders oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Farsamada ee Munich, Jarmalka, ayaa muujisay in -2 ° C, heerka kharashka uu ka sarreeyo C/2, iyo qaddarka roobabka birta ee lithium-ka ayaa si weyn u kordhay. Tusaale ahaan, heerka C/2, qaddarka lithium-ka ee ku dhejisan dusha korantada ee ka soo horjeeda waxay ku saabsan tahay kharashka oo dhan. 5.5% ee awoodda laakiin waxay gaari doontaa 9% ka hooseeya 1C. Lithium-ka macdan ah ee degdega ah waxa laga yaabaa inuu sii korodho oo aakhirka noqdo lithium dendrites, ka mudda diaphragm-ka oo sababa wareeg-gaaban ee electrodes togan iyo taban. Sidaa darteed, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in laga fogaado in lagu dallaco batari lithium-ion heerkulka hooseeya intii suurtogal ah. Marka ay tahay in ay ku dalacdo bateriga heerkul hooseeya, waxaa lama huraan ah in la doorto hadda yar si loo dallaco bateriga lithium-ion intii suurtogal ah oo si buuxda u kaydiso baytariyada lithium-ion ka dib dallacaadda si loo hubiyo in lithium macdan uu ka soo dalacday electrode taban. waxay kaga falcelin kartaa graphite oo dib ugu dhejin kartaa korantada garaafka xun.

Veronika Zinth iyo kuwa kale oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Farsamada ee Munich waxay adeegsadeen diffraction neutron-ka iyo habab kale si ay u daraaseeyaan hab-dhaqanka kobcinta lithium ee baytariyada lithium-ion heerkul hoose oo -20°C. Kala-duwanaanta Neutron-ku waxa ay ahayd hab cusub oo lagu ogaanayo sannadihii u dambeeyay. Marka la barbardhigo XRD, kala-baxa neutronku aad ayuu ugu nugul yahay walxaha iftiinka (Li, O, N, iwm.), sidaas darteed waxay aad ugu habboon tahay tijaabinta aan burburin ee baytariyada lithium-ion.

Tijaabada, VeronikaZinth waxay isticmaashay batari NMC111/graphite 18650 si ay u barato habdhaqanka kobcinta lithium ee baytariyada lithium-ion heerkul hooseeya. Batariga waa la dallacay oo waa la saarayaa inta lagu jiro baaritaanka iyadoo la raacayo nidaamka ka muuqda shaxanka hoose.

Jaantuska soo socdaa wuxuu muujinayaa isbeddelka wejiga korantada taban ee hoos yimaada SoC-yada kala duwan inta lagu jiro wareegga labaad ee dallacaadda ee C/30 ku dallacaadda. Waxay u ekaan kartaa in 30.9% SoC, wejiyada korantada taban ay u badan yihiin LiC12, Li1-XC18, iyo qadar yar oo ah Halabuurka LiC6; Ka dib marka SoC-gu uu dhaafo 46%, xoojinta kala-duwanaanta ee LiC12 way sii yaraanaysaa, halka awoodda LiC6 ay sii socoto inay korodho. Si kastaba ha noqotee, xitaa ka dib markii la dhammeeyo kharashka kama dambaysta ah, maadaama kaliya 1503mAh lagu dallaco heerkul hooseeya (awooddu waa 1950mAh heerkulka qolka), LiC12 waxay ku jirtaa korantada taban. Ka soo qaad in dallacaadda hadda lagu soo dallacay C/100. Xaaladdan oo kale, baytarigu weli wuxuu heli karaa awoodda 1950mAh heerkulka hooseeya, taas oo muujinaysa in hoos u dhaca awoodda baytariyada lithium-ion ee heerkulka hooseeya ay inta badan sabab u tahay xaaladaha kadeed ee sii xumaanaya.

Jaantuska hoose wuxuu muujinayaa isbeddelka wejiga garaafiga ee electrode taban inta lagu jiro dallacaadda iyadoo loo eegayo heerka C/5 heerkul hoose oo -20°C. Waxay arki kartaa in isbeddelka wejiga garaafyada uu aad uga duwan yahay marka la barbar dhigo qiimaha C/30. Waxaa laga arki karaa shaxanka in marka SoC> 40%, xoogga wejiga batteriga LiC12 ee hoos yimaada heerka C/5 uu si aad ah hoos ugu dhaco, kororka xoogga wejiga LiC6 sidoo kale aad ayuu uga daciifsan yahay kan C/30 heerka kharashka. Waxay tusinaysaa in xadiga aad u sarreeya ee C/5, in ka yar LiC12 ay sii wado isku-darka lithium-ka oo loo beddelo LiC6.

Jaantuska hoose wuxuu isbarbar dhigayaa isbeddelada wejiga ee korantada garaafka xun marka lagu dallaco heerarka C/30 iyo C/5, siday u kala horreeyaan. Jaantusku wuxuu muujinayaa in laba heer oo kala duwan oo lagu dallaco, heerka lithium-ka liita ee Li1-XC18 uu aad isugu dhow yahay. Farqiga ayaa inta badan ka muuqda labada weji ee LiC12 iyo LiC6. Waxaa laga arki karaa shaxanka in isbeddelka isbeddelka wejiga ee korantada taban ay aad ugu dhowdahay heerka bilowga ah ee dallacaadda ee hoos yimaada labada sicir. Marxaladda LiC12, marka awoodda dallacadu gaadho 950mAh (49% SoC), isbeddelka isbeddelku wuxuu bilaabmayaa inuu u muuqdo mid ka duwan. Markay timaaddo 1100mAh (56.4% SoC), wejiga LiC12 ee ka hooseeya labada weyni wuxuu bilaabaa inuu muujiyo farqi weyn. Markaad ku dallaci karto heerka hoose ee C / 30, hoos u dhaca heerka LiC12 aad ayuu u dhakhso badan yahay, laakiin hoos u dhaca heerka LiC12 ee heerka C/5 aad ayuu u gaabiyaa; taas oo ah in la yiraahdo, xaaladaha kinetic ee gelinta lithium ee korantada taban ayaa ka sii daraya heerkulka hooseeya. , Si LiC12 ay u sii kordhiso lithium si ay u dhaliso xawaaraha wejiga LiC6 ayaa hoos u dhacay. Isla sidaas oo kale, wejiga LiC6 si dhakhso leh ayuu u kordhay isagoo heer hoose oo C/30 ah laakiin aad ayuu uga gaabiyaa heerka C/5. Tani waxay muujinaysaa in heerka C / 5, petite Li badan ayaa ku dhex jira qaabka crystal ee graphite, laakiin waxa xiisaha leh ayaa ah in awoodda batteriga (1520.5mAh) ee heerka C / 5 uu ka sarreeyo kan C. / 30 qiimaha. Awoodda (1503.5mAh) ayaa ka sareysa. Li-ga dheeraadka ah ee aan ku dhex jirin korantada garaafiga taban waxay u badan tahay in lagu soo dadajiyo dusha garaafka oo qaab lithium macdan ah. Habka taagan ka dib dhamaadka dallacaadda ayaa sidoo kale caddaynaysa tan dhinaca - wax yar.

Jaantuska soo socdaa wuxuu muujinayaa qaab dhismeedka wejiga korantada garaafka xun ka dib markii la dallaco iyo ka dib markii laga tago 20 saacadood. Dhammaadka dallacaadda, marxaladda korantada graphite-ka taban aad ayuu uga duwan yahay labada heer ee dallacaadda. C / 5, saamiga LiC12 ee garaafyada garaafyada ayaa ka sarreeya, boqolkiiba LiC6 waa hooseeyaa, laakiin ka dib markii ay istaageen saacadaha 20, farqiga u dhexeeya labadu wuxuu noqday mid yar.

Jaantuska hoose wuxuu muujinayaa isbeddelka wejiga korantada garaafyada taban inta lagu jiro habka kaydinta 20h. Waxay ka arki kartaa shaxanka in kasta oo wejiyada labada electrodes ee iska soo horjeeda ay weli aad u kala duwan yihiin bilawga, maadaama wakhtiga kaydinta uu kordho, labada nooc ee dallacaadda Marxaladda graphite anode ee hoos yimaada weyneynta ayaa isbeddelay si aad u dhow. LiC12 way sii socon kartaa in loo beddelo LiC6 inta lagu jiro habka kaydinta, taasoo tusinaysa in Li uu sii wadi doono in lagu dhex geliyo garaafiga inta lagu jiro habka kaydinta. Qaybtan Li waxay u badan tahay inay noqoto lithium macdan ah oo soo dagdagay oogada korantada garaafiga taban ee heerkulka hooseeya. Falanqaynta dheeraadka ah waxay muujisay in dhamaadka ku dallaca heerka C / 30, heerka isdhexgalka lithium ee korantada garaafka xun wuxuu ahaa 68%. Weli, heerka isdhexgalka lithium wuxuu kordhay 71% ka dib kaydinta, korodhka 3%. Dhammaadka ku dallacaadda heerka C/5, heerka gelinta lithium-ka ee korantada garaafiga taban waxay ahayd 58%, laakiin ka dib 20 saacadood, waxay korodhay ilaa 70%, wadarta korodhka 12%.

Cilmi-baarista sare waxay muujineysaa in marka lagu dallaco heerkulka hooseeya, awoodda batteriga ay hoos u dhici doonto sababtoo ah xaaladaha kadeed ee sii xumaanaya. Waxa kale oo ay soo dedejin doontaa birta lithium-ka ee dusha sare ee electrode taban sababtoo ah hoos u dhaca heerka gelinta lithium garaafyada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii muddo kaydinta, Tani qayb ka mid ah lithium macdan waxaa lagu gundhig karaa graphite mar kale; isticmaalka dhabta ah, wakhtiga shelf inta badan waa gaaban yahay, mana jirto wax dammaanad ah in dhammaan lithium macdan ah lagu dhejin karo graphite mar kale, sidaas darteed waxay keeni kartaa qaar ka mid ah lithium macdan ah inay sii wadaan inay ka jiraan electrode taban. Dusha sare ee baytariga lithium-ion waxay saamayn doontaa awoodda baytariyada lithium-ion waxaana laga yaabaa inay soo saarto lithium dendrites kuwaas oo khatar galinaya badbaadada baytariyada lithium-ion. Sidaa darteed, isku day inaad iska ilaaliso inaad ku dallaci karto baytariyada lithium-ion heerkulka hooseeya. Hadda hooseeya, iyo ka dib dejinta, hubi wakhti ku filan si aad u tirtirto lithium-ka birta ah ee korantada garaafka xun.

Maqaalkani wuxuu inta badan tixraacayaa dukumeentiyada soo socda. Warbixinta waxa kaliya loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo bandhigo laguna eego shaqooyinka sayniska ee la xidhiidha, barista fasalka, iyo cilmi baadhista sayniska. Looma isticmaalo ganacsi. Haddii aad hayso arrimo xuquuq-daabacaad ah, fadlan xor u noqo inaad nala soo xidhiidho.

1.Rate awoodda qalabka graphite sida electrodes negative in capacitors lithium-ion, Electrochimica Acta 55 (2010) 3330 - 3335, SRSivakkumar, JY Nerkar, AG Pandolfo

2. Lithium plating ee baytariyada lithium-ion oo lagu baaray nasinta danab iyo in situ neutron diffraction, Journal of Power Sources 342 (2017) 17-23, Christian von Lüders, Veronika Zinth, Simon V.Erhard, Patrick J.Osswald, Michael Hofman , Ralph Gilles, Andreas Jossen

3. Lithium plating ee baytariyada lithium-ion heerkulka hoose ee deegaanka lagu baadho situ neutron diffraction, Journal of Power Sources 271 (2014) 152-159, Veronika Zinth, Christian von Lüders, Michael Hofmann, Johannes Hattendorff, Simon Hattendorff, Irmgard Bucher. Erhard, Joana Rebelo-Kornmeier, Andreas Jossen, Ralph Gilles